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2015 Vol. 23, No. 10
Published: 2015-10-20

 
893 Synthesis and Anticancer Activities of Novel Piperazine-Aliphatic Amide Derivatives Containing Dihydroartemisinin
WEI Meng-xue, MA Chao, XU Jian, ZHANG He, LI Xue-qiang
DOI: 10.15952/j.cnki.cjsc.1005-1511.2015.10.0893
A piperazine-amide derivative(2) was obtained by one-pot method, using dihydroartemisinin(DHA), oxalyl chloride and piperazine as materials. Six novel piperazine-aliphatic amide derivatives(4a4f) were synthesized by acylation of 2 with aliphatic acyl chloride.The structures were characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, IR and HR-ESI-MS. The anti-cancer activities in vitro of 4a~4f against human hepatoma SMMC-7721 cell lines were investigated by MTT method. The preliminary bioassay results showed that 4a~4f inhibited the proliferation and induced the apoptosis of SMMC-7721. Especially dihydroartemisinin piperazinechlorine acetamide(4c) had the best inhibition activity against SMMC-7721 with IC50 0.05 μM, which was superior to artemisinin(IC50 0.53 μM) and DHA(IC50 0.52 μM).
2015 Vol. 23 (10): 893-898 [Abstract] ( 348 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (735 KB)  ( 314 )
899 Synthesis of New Multifunctionalized Ionic Liquids and Their Application in Heck Reaction of Synthesizing Allyl Alcohols
SUN Li, TAO Rong-shao, HU Wei-ya, PEI Wen
DOI: 10.15952/j.cnki.cjsc.1005-1511.2015.10.0899
Six new amide-multifunctionalized ionic liquids(2a~2c3a~3c) were obtained by ion exchange of KPF-6 with 1-methyimidazole(or imidazole) and N-aryl-3-chlorobutanamide. The conversion and regioselectivities were investigated by the Heck reaction of 2-bromo-6-methoxynaphthylene with allyl alcohol using 2 or 3 as the medium. The results showed that the conversion and regioselectivities in 3 was better than in 2. Substituted aryl allyl alcohols were synthesized with high yields(85%~89%) and regioselectivities(>99%) by Heck reaction of haloaryl compounds with allyl alcohol, using 3c as the medium and palladium acetate as the catalyst. The structures were characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, IR, EI-MS and elemental analysis.
2015 Vol. 23 (10): 899-903 [Abstract] ( 366 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (552 KB)  ( 378 )
904 Synthesis and Photoelectric Properties of 4,7-Dithiophen-[2,1,3]benzoselenadiazole
CHENG Qing, ZHU Wen-kai, WANG Zi-xiao, WEN Qing-zhen
DOI: 10.15952/j.cnki.cjsc.1005-1511.2015.10.0904
4,7-Dibromo[2,1,3]benzoselenadiazole (3) was obtained by bromination, reduction and ring-closing reaction, using benzothiadizaole as the starting material. The novel compound, 4,7-dithiophen-[2,1,3]benzoselenadiazole(5), was synthesized by Stille coupling reaction of  3 with 2-tributyl stannane thiophene(4). The structure and photoelectric properties of  5 were characterized by 1H NMR,  13C NMR, UV-Vis, fluorescence and cyclic voltammetry. The results showed that 5 had broad absorption spectrum(260 nm~487 nm) and a low band gap(12.2 eV), strong emission peak(620 nm), reversible redox curve and stable electrochemical property.
2015 Vol. 23 (10): 904-907 [Abstract] ( 314 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1077 KB)  ( 292 )
908 Synthesis and Anticoagulant Activities of Novel Benzimidazole Derivatives
CAI Zhi-qiang, HOU Xu, ZHANG Bo, LIU Ruo-can
DOI: 10.15952/j.cnki.cjsc.1005-1511.2015.10.0908
Ethyl 3-{2-[(4-cyano-3-fluorophenyl substituent)methyl]-1-methyl-N-(pyridin-2-yl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-5-carboxamido}propanoate(3a,3e) were prepared by cyclization of ethyl-3-[3-amino-4-(methylamino)-N-(pyridin-2-yl)benzamido]propanoate with 2-(4-cyano-3-fluorophenyl substituent)acetic acid. 2-{3-[2-(4-Cyano-3-fluorophenyl substituent)methyl]-1-methyl-N-(pyridin-2-yl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-5-carboxamido}propanamido substituent(6a~6h) were prepared by hydrolysis and amidation from 3. Eight novel benzoimidazole derivatives(7a~7h) were synthesized by cyclization reaction of 6 with acetomenadione. The structures were characterized by 1H NMR and HR-ESI-MS. The anticoagulant activities of 7a~7h were investigated. The results showed that 7a and 7c exhibited anticoagulant activities. The aPTTs were (83.1±4.2)s and (80.7±2.9)s, respectively, which were better than dabigatran etexilate(75.3±2.1)s.
2015 Vol. 23 (10): 908-912 [Abstract] ( 426 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (695 KB)  ( 317 )
913 Synthesis and Anticancer Activities of Novel 2(5H)-furanone Derivatives Containing Piperazine-Sulfonamide
DOI: 10.15952/j.cnki.cjsc.1005-1511.2015.10.0913
 (S)-3,4-dibromo-5-methoxy-2(5H)-furanone(4) was synthesized by oxidation, etherification and recrystallization, using furfural as the starting material. (S)-3-bromo-5-methoxy-4-(piperazin-1-yl)-2(5H)-furanone(5) was obtained by Michael addition-elimination reactions of 4 with piperazidine. Seven novel 2(5H)-furanone derivatives(7a~7g) containing piperazine-sulfonamide were synthesized by sulfonylation reaction of 5 with substituted sulfochlorides. The structures were characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, IR and HR-MS. The anti-tumor activities against human cervical cancer Hela cell lines were evaluated by MTT method. The results showed that 7a~7g exhibited good inhibition. The IC50 of (S)-N-【4-{[4-(4-bromo-2-methoxy-5-oxo-2,5-dihydrofuran-3-yl)piperazin-1-yl]sulfonyl}phenyl】acetamide(7f) was 0.03 μM(24 h).
2015 Vol. 23 (10): 913-916 [Abstract] ( 478 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (523 KB)  ( 707 )
917 Process Improvement on the Synthesis of Naphthopyran and Its  Photochromic Property
MA Lian-xin, TANG Xu-dong
DOI: 10.15952/j.cnki.cjsc.1005-1511.2015.10.0917
1,1-Di(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-propargyl-1-alcohol(2) was obtained by nucleophilic addition reaction of 4,4′-dimethoxybenzophenoe with  sodium acetylide.  5-Hydroxy-3,9-dimethylbenzofluorene-7-ketone(6) was obtained by a three-step reaction, using 4,4′-dimethylbenzophenone as material. Naphthopyran(7) was synthesized by dehydration of 6 with 2. The total yield was 16.3%. The structure was confirmed by 1H NMR and IR. The photochromic property of 7 was investigated by UV-Vis. The results showed that 7 in DMSO(1.0×10-4 mol·L-1) presented colorless in the region of visible. While it presented blue color if exposed to irradiation of 254 nm UV. The solution returned to be colorless when stopping irradiation for a while. If the illumination time prelonged, the absorbance rised. Though repeated UV radiation, there was not big difference with the absorbance. 7 exhibited good fatigue resistance.
2015 Vol. 23 (10): 917-921 [Abstract] ( 323 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (843 KB)  ( 336 )
922 Synthesis of  Novel (Z)-ethyl 2-[(2-iodophenoxy)(aryl)methyl]but-2-enoate Compounds
PAN Cheng-min, YANG Jian-guo, MO Han-jie, GAO Jian-rong
DOI: 10.15952/j.cnki.cjsc.1005-1511.2015.100.0922
Ten novel (Z)-ethyl [(2-iodophenoxy)(phenyl)methyl)but-2-enoate compounds in yields of 79%~98% were synthesized by β′-nucleophilic addition of phenols with allenes in N2 using triphenylphosphine as the catalyst and benzene as the solvent. The structures were characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR and ESI-MS.
2015 Vol. 23 (10): 922-925 [Abstract] ( 248 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (346 KB)  ( 313 )
926 Synthesis and Liquid Crystalline Properties of Novel meso-Tetrakis(4-tetradecylaminoformylphenyl)porphyrin and Its Metal(Co) Coordination Complex
LI Meng, LIU Ben-cai
DOI: 10.15952/j.cnki.cjsc.1005-1511.2015.10.0926
meso-Tetrakis(4-carboxyphenyl)porphyrin(1) was prepared by the reaction of 4-carboxybenzaldehyde with pyrrole. meso-Tetrakis(4-chloroformylphenyl)porphyrin(2) was prepared by the reaction of 1 with sulfoxide chloride. meso-Tetrakis(4-tetradecylaminoformylphenyl)porphyrin(3), was synthesized by the reaction of 2 with n-tetradecylamine. The metal coordination complex(4) was synthesized by the reaction of 3 with cobalt chloride. 3 and 4 are new compounds and their structures were characterized by UV-Vis, 1H NMR and IR. The liquid crystalline properties of 3 and 4 were investigated by polarization microscope and DSC. The results showed that 3 and 4 exhibited liquid crystalline property.
2015 Vol. 23 (10): 926-929 [Abstract] ( 273 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (935 KB)  ( 287 )
930 Synthesis and Surface Activities of A Novel Biphenyl TypeQuaternary Ammonium Gemini Surfactant
ZHU Bo-bo, JIA Zhao-xia, MA Li-hua, ZOU Zhuan-zheng, DU Wei-chao
DOI: 10.15952/j.cnki.cjsc.1005-1511.2015.10.0930
The intermediate, amide compound(3), was prepared by Williamson reaction, oxidation, chloroformylation and amidation, using salicylaldehyde and 1,2-dibromoethane as materials.   The novel biphenyl type quaternary ammonium gemini surfactant(4) was synthesized by quaternization of 3 with 1-bromodecane. The structure was characterized by 1H NMR and IR. The surface activities of  4 were investigated. The results showed that 4 had good acid and salt resistance.  In 0.1 mol·L-1 NaCl solution, the γ  was 36.8 mN·m-1, the CMC was 0.20 mmol·L-1. In HCl(pH=1), the γ was 32.5 mN·m-1, the CMC was 0.16 mmol·L-1.
2015 Vol. 23 (10): 930-933 [Abstract] ( 296 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (448 KB)  ( 311 )
934 Synthesis and Antidepressant Activities of 4-Hydroxybenzal-dehyde Schiff Base Derivatives with Phosphate Ester Group
LIU Jin-bing, WU Feng-yan
DOI: 10.15952/j.cnki.cjsc.1005-1511.2015.10.0934
Four 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde Schiff base derivatives(4a~4d) with phosphate ester group were synthesized by condensation reaction of primary amine with 2-(4-formylphenoxy)ethyl dimethyl phosphate(2), which was prepared by etherification and esterification from 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde. The structures were confirmed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, IR and ESI-MS. Their antidepressant activities were investigated by emergency model. The results showed that 2 and 2-{4-[(methoxyimino)methyl]phenoxy}ethyl dimethyl phosphate(4d) had certain antidepressant activities in vivo. And 2 showed the better antidepressant activity than imipramine.
2015 Vol. 23 (10): 934-937 [Abstract] ( 324 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (483 KB)  ( 309 )
938 Synthesis of Novel 3-Aminoazetidine Derivatives
MAO Ze-wei, ZHANG Meng-di, RAO Gao-xiong
DOI: 10.15952/j.cnki.cjsc.1005-1511.2015.10.0938
1-(4-Acetylphenyl)-3-hydroxyazetidine(1) was prepared by reaction of 3-hydroxyazetidine with 4-fluoroacetophenone. Six novel 3-aminoazetidine derivatives were synthesized by methanesulfonyl, substitution, reduction and acylation reaction from 1. The structures were characterized by 1H NMR and 13C NMR.
2015 Vol. 23 (10): 938-940 [Abstract] ( 292 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (464 KB)  ( 268 )
941 Synthesis and Crystal Structure of 4-Methylamino-6-trifluoromethyl-2-(methylsulfonyl)pyrimidine
HUANG Tong-hui, SUN Jie, WANG Qian-qian, ZHANG Li-xian, TU Hai-yang
DOI: 10.15952/j.cnki.cjsc.1005-1511.2015.10.0941
The inetermediate, 4-methylamino-6-trifluoromethyl-2-(methylthio)pyrimidine(3), was prepared by cyclization, chlorination and nucleophilic substitution reaction, using ethyl trifluoroacetate and thiourea as starting materials. The novel compound, 4-methylamino-6-trifluoromethyl-2-(methylsulfonyl)pyrimidine(4), was synthesized by oxidation of 3 using m-CPBA as the oxidant. The structure was characterized by 1H NMR, MS, elemental analysis and X-ray single crystal diffraction. 4 (CCDC: 973 037) belongs to monoclinic system, P2(1)/c,晶胞参数a=5.068 7(4) , b=15.296 8(11) , c=13.833 9(10) , β=13.833 9(10)°, V=1 065.81(14) 3, Z=4, Dc=1.591 g·cm-3, μ=0.336 mm-1, F(000)=520, R1=0.051 1, wR2=0.135 3。
2015 Vol. 23 (10): 941-944 [Abstract] ( 349 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (582 KB)  ( 376 )
945 Synthesis of Novel 1,1′-Spirobiindane-7,7′-diol Derivatives
WANG Ping-an,GAO Jun-ping, HU Hao-yuan, WANG Qiao-feng
DOI: 10.15952/j.cnki.cjsc.1005-1511.2015.10.0945
6,6′-Dibromo-7′-[(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy]-2,2′,3,3′-tetrahydro-1,1′-spirobi[inden]-7-ol(2) was synthesized by etherification of TBSOTf with 6,6′-dibromo-spirobiindane(1), which was obtained by bromination of SPINOL with NBS. 6,6′-Dimethyl-1,1′-spirobiindane-7,7′-bis(1-methoxymethoxy)(4) was obtained by hydroxyl protection and methylation from SPINOL. 7′-[(Tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy]-6,6′-dimethyl-2,2′,3,3′-tetrahydro-1,1′-spirobi[inden]-7-ol(6) was synthesized by deprotection and single-protection with TBSOTf from 4. 2 and 6 were novel compounds and the structures were characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR and HR-ESI-MS.
2015 Vol. 23 (10): 945-947 [Abstract] ( 493 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (551 KB)  ( 450 )
948 Synthesis and Optical Properties of Novel A2B Type CorrolesContainning Chlorine(Fluorine)
YAO Yong, ZHOU Lin, ZHU Wei-hua, LIANG Li-li, ZHANG Peng, LI Min-zhi
DOI: 10.15952/j.cnki.cjsc.1005-1511.2015.10.0948
Two novel A2B type free-base corroles, 10-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-5,15-bis(3-nitro-phenyl)-corrole(3a) and 10-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-5,15-bis(3-nitrophenyl)-corrole(3b), were synthesized by acid-catalyzed coupling reaction and then oxidation, using m-nitrophenyl dipyrromethane and 2,6-dichlorobenzaldehyde or 2,6-difluorobenzaldehyde as materials. The structures were characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, IR and MALDI-TOF-MS. The optical properties of 3a and 3b were investigated by UV-Vis and fluorescence. The results showed that  λmax of 3 were around 414 nm, 575 nm, 610 nm and 642 nm, and λem were around 661 nm(λex=430 nm)。
2015 Vol. 23 (10): 948-951 [Abstract] ( 293 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (612 KB)  ( 306 )
952 Synthesis of Novel Glycoconjugates of Genisteins with 1,2,3-Triazoles Moiety
YANG Xue-mei, CHEN Zi-lin, JIA Zhen-bin
DOI: 10.15952/j.cnki.cjsc.1005-1511.2015.10.0952
7-O-propargyl genistein(3) was synthesized by a two-step reaction, using genistein as the starting material. 7-O-[1-(2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-β-D-glycosidic)-1H-1,2,3-triazole-4-methyl]-genistein(5a~5c) were synthesized by Click reaction of 3 with azido acetyl sugar, using CuI as the catalyst. Glycoconjugates(6a~6c) of genisteins with 1,2,3-triazoles moiety were synthesized by deacetylation of 5. 3, 5 and 6 were novel compounds and the structures were characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR and HR-MS.
2015 Vol. 23 (10): 952-956 [Abstract] ( 318 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (585 KB)  ( 320 )
957 Stereoselective Synthesis of Endo-N-Boc Nortropine
DOI: 10.15952/j.cnki.cjsc.1005-1511.2015.10.0957
Demethylated tropinone(1) was synthesized by reaction of tropinone with 1-chloroethyl chloroformate. N-Boc nortropinone(2) was prepared by reaction of  1 with Boc anhydride. 2 was reduced by lithium tri-sec-butylborohydride to achieve endo-N-Boc nortropine stereoselectively(endo/exo=6.5/1) with an overall yield of 60%. The structure was confirmed by 1H NMR and ESI-MS.
2015 Vol. 23 (10): 957-959 [Abstract] ( 267 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (299 KB)  ( 364 )
960 Application of Four-Element Raney Ni in Catalytic Hydrogenation of Aliphatic Low-carbon Nitro Compounds
YANG Yu-chun, HU Chang-fa, NI Ping
DOI: 10.15952/j.cnki.cjsc.1005-1511.2015.10.0960
Aliphatic low-carbon nitro compounds were catalytic hydrogenated using four-element Raney Ni(Ni-Al-Mo-Fe) as the catalyst. The effect of compostion and size of the catalyst to the hydrogenation was investigated. The results showed that 100 mesh~150 mesh Ni-Al-Mo-Fe(Ni%>90%) was the most suitable catalyst for the hydrogenation with the yields of 95%, and the conversion rates were more than 99%.
2015 Vol. 23 (10): 960-962 [Abstract] ( 311 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (332 KB)  ( 336 )
963 Synthesis of Novel Pyrrole Derivatives with α,β-Unsaturated Ketones under Ultrasound Irradiation
ZHU Yan-ting, SHAN Yan-qiang, YAN Kun, CUI Ke-ke, LI Min, WANG Shi-fan
DOI: 10.15952/j.cnki.cjsc.1005-1511.2015.10.0963
The intermediates, 5-formyl-3-methyl-1H-pyrrole-2,4-dicarboxylic ester(4a~4d), were obtained by nitrosation, Knorr condensation and oxidization using ethyl acetoacetate and methyl acetoacetate as raw materials. Four novel pyrrole derivatives were synthesized by Aldol condensation of 4a~4d with acetone under ultrasound irradiation. The structures were characterized by IR, 1H NMR and HR-ESI-MS.
2015 Vol. 23 (10): 963-966 [Abstract] ( 340 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (390 KB)  ( 250 )
967 Green Synthesis of (S)-5,5′-diamino-2,2′-bis(diphenylphosphino)-1,1′-binaphthyl
YUE Chuan-jun, ZHAO Zi-biao, SU Yang, LIU Bao-liang
DOI: 10.15952/j.cnki.cjsc.1005-1511.2015.10.0967
(S)-2,2′-bis(diphenylphosphino)-1,1′-binaphthyl dioxide[(S)-2] was obtained by oxidation, using H2O2 as the oxidant and (S)-2,2′-bis(diphenylphosphino)-1,1′-binaphthyl[(S)-1] as the starting material. (S)-5,5′-dinitro-2,2′-bis(diphenylphosphino)-1,1′-binaphthyl dioxide[(S)-3] was obtained by nitration of (S)-2 catalyzed by acidic resin. (S)-5,5′-diamino-2,2′-bis(diphenylphosphino)-1,1′-binaphthyl dioxide[(S)-4] was obtained by hydrogenation reduction of [(S)-3] catalyzed by Pd/C. (S)-5,5′-diamino-2,2′-bis(diphenylphosphino)-1,1′-binaphthyl was synthesized by reduction of (S)-4 catalyzed by HSiCl3/PPh3. The total yield was 65.6%. The structures were confirmed by 1H NMR, 31P NMR and IR.
2015 Vol. 23 (10): 967-970 [Abstract] ( 321 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (556 KB)  ( 363 )
971 Facile Synthesis of (3, 3-Difluorcyclohexyl)Methanmine
ZHAO Yu-ling, QIU Ji-kuan
DOI: 10.15952/j.cnki.cjsc.1005-1511.2015.10.0971
(3,3-Difluorcyclohexyl)methanmine(4) in total yield of 55% was synthesized by Michael addition reaction, hydrolyzation decarboxylation, nucleophilic fluorination and reduction reaction, usingcyclohex-2-en-1-one and ethyl nitroacetate as raw materials. The structure was confirmed by 1H NMR and MS. Under the optimal reaction conditions[1,1-difluoro-3-(nitromethyl)cyclohexane 83.73 mmol, Raney Ni(80%)+NH3·H2O as the co-catalyst, EtOH as the solvent, at room temperature for 12 h], the yield of 4 was 82%.
2015 Vol. 23 (10): 971-973 [Abstract] ( 315 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (343 KB)  ( 298 )
974 Synthesis and Crystallization Properties of Poly(p-dioxanone)
WANG Zhe-cun, XIONG Cheng-dong, LI Qing
DOI: 10.15952/j.cnki.cjsc.1005-1511.2015.10.0974
Poly(p-dioxanone)(PPDO) was synthesized by ring-opening polymerization reaction of p-dio-xanone. Non-isothermal crystallization behavior of PPDO was investigated by DSC. The non-isothermal crystallization was analyzed by Ozawa equation in detail. And the non-isothermal cold crystallization of PPDO was analyzed by the Mo method. 
2015 Vol. 23 (10): 974-976 [Abstract] ( 519 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (858 KB)  ( 367 )
977 A New Method of N-Debenzylation of Nitrogen Aromatic Heterocyclic Compounds
ZHU Wen-tong, GAN Hai-feng, CHEN Zheng-bang, GUO Kai
DOI: 10.15952/j.cnki.cjsc.1005-1511.2015.10.0977
The reaction of N-substituted benzylcarbazoles(or N-substituted benzylindoles)  with potassium tert-butoxide resulted in debenzylation to carbazole(or indole) in oxygen. The yields were 68%~94%(or 75%~89%). The structures were confirmed by 1H NMR and 13C NMR.
2015 Vol. 23 (10): 977-979 [Abstract] ( 434 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (336 KB)  ( 395 )
980 Synthesis of Novel 1H-[1,2,3]triazolo[4,5-c]pyridazine Compounds
SHAO Shuai, GU Wei, LIU Jia-kuo, NIE Ai-hua
DOI: 10.15952/j.cnki.cjsc.1005-1511.2015.10.0980
Sixteen novel 1H-[1,2,3]triazole[4,5-c]pyridazine compounds were synthesized from aromatic amine, iodomethane, tert-butyl 4-[(methylsulfonyl)oxy]piperidine-1-carboxylate and 2-(2-bromoethoxy)tetrahydro-2H-pyran by substitution, oxidization and Suzuki reaction, using 3,4,6-trichloropyridazine and 4-iodo-1H-pyrazole as starting materials. The structures were characterized by 1H NMR and ESI-MS.
2015 Vol. 23 (10): 980-984 [Abstract] ( 282 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (697 KB)  ( 433 )
985 Research Progress on the Synthesis of β-Eucryptite
ZHANG Wei
DOI: 10.15952/j.cnki.cjsc.1005-1511.2015.10.0985
The main synthetic methods of β-eucryptite including solid state reaction at high temperature, low-temperature combustion synthesis, sol-gel, polymer-network gel and glass crystallization, were reviewed with 53 references. The advantages and disadvantages of the methods were briefly summarized.
2015 Vol. 23 (10): 985-992 [Abstract] ( 324 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (906 KB)  ( 411 )
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